The Quran on the universe

1. The Quran on the universe

{Big Bang}
The universe came into existence about 14 billion years ago in a tremendous explosion called big bang. The science of modern cosmology, observational and theoretical, clearly indicates that at one point in time the whole universe was nothing but a cloud of smoke (highly dense and hot gaseous composition) Called nebula. The fact was already mentioned in Quran in the verse

 21:30

"Haven't those who disbelieved known that heavens and earth were one connected entity and then we parted them and made every living thing of water.”

 51:47

“We constructed the heavens with our hands and we keep expanding it."

 21:33

"It is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon, all the celestial bodies swim along each in its rounded course."

 39:5

"He created the heavens and the earth in true proportions. He makes the night overlaps the day and the day overlaps the night. He has subjected the sun and the moon each one fallows a course for a time appointed."

The discovery of “The Big Bang” and of “The aquatic origin of life” was made by the non-Muslims, (“those who disbelieve”). In the beginning all the matter and space (heavens) were at one point (one piece). Then everything was separated in what the physicist describe as “The big bang.” The evidence for “The big bang” is so overwhelming that it considered a fact and not a theory. The Quran gives an accurate visual description of the Big Bang theory of the creation of the universe. This is exactly how the ‘rejecter’ scientists envision the creation of the universe, from one piece that was then split by a ‘big bang’ into many pieces. The Big Bang itself resulted from an extremely dense singularity. The creation of the universe is one of matter, space and time that are intimately linked together. Matter and space were joined as one and then were separated in the explosion. All the evidence available today suggests an explosive origin to the universe that brought both space and time into existence. This is what is referred to as “Big Bang”.
The theory of Big Bang which has successfully taken over the place of the ‘Steady state’ theory was worked out in the 1920’s by two scientists quite independent of each other, the Russian meteorologist Alexander Friedman and the Belgian mathematician Georges Lemaitre. Why do Most Scientists Accept the Big Bang Theory? The acceptance of this theory by the scientific community is based on a number of observations. These observations confirm specific predictions of the Big Bang theory. We know that scientists test their theories through deduction and falsification. Predictions associated with the Big Bang theory that have been tested by this process are:
If the Big Bang did occur, all the objects within the Universe should be moving away from each other. In 1929, Edwin Hubble documented that galaxies in our Universe are indeed moving away from each other.
The Big Bang should have left an “afterglow” from the explosion. In 1960s, scientists discovered existence of cosmic background radiation, the so-called “afterglow” after Big Bang explosion. Our most accurate measurements of this cosmic radiation came in November 1989, by the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite. The measurements from this satellite tested an important preiction of the Big Bang theory. This prediction suggests that the initial explosion that gave birth to the Universe should have created radiation with a spectrum that follows a black body curve. The COBE measurements indicated that the spectrum of the cosmic radiation varied from a black body curve by only 1 %. This level of error is considered insignificant. If the Universe began with a Big Bang, extreme temperatures should have caused 25 percent of the mass of the Universe to become helium. This is exactly what is observed.

universe

At first matter was a soup of particles and antiparticles. These crashed into and cancelled each other out, turning back into energy. But some of the matter was left over. This would eventually turn into atoms and later into stars and galaxies. The universe was now about 1 microsecond old and 100 billion kilometres wide. The left over particles began to form protons and neutrons. But universe was too hot for an atom to form. Light was not able to pass through a sea of particles, so the young universe resembled a dense fog. After 379000 years the universe cooled enough allowing an atom to be created. The universe was now a vast cloud of hydrogen and helium. Light could pass through space more easily and universe became transparent.
After about 300 million years, stars appeared. Stars are formed when great clouds of gas are pulled into tight knots by gravity. The pressure and the heat becomes so intense in the dense pockets of gas that the nuclear reactions begin, igniting the stars. After about 500 million years first galaxy started coming into existence from cloud of stars held together by gravity. Now 5 billion years old the universe consists of vast clusters of galaxies arranged in threads with voids between them. The voids get ever bigger as space continues to expand.

When the universe will be 20 billion year old, the sun will expand in size and destroy earth. The universe will carry on expanding forever becoming cold and dark everywhere.